The primary meaning of the Psalms is always to be seen first of all in their immediate historical context. No one can read the Psalms without becoming aware that certain Psalms and individual verses have a deeper, future significance beyond those simple words/verses.
Jesus/Messiah was not mentioned by name, but his figure is foreshadowed. Some of the Jews as we can see at the birth of Jesus came to know about the prophecies of the Messiah. The NT writers are quick to apply these verses to Jesus.
Some Psalms like 2, 72, 110 picture Jesus as ideal divine king/priest/judge. We can never see such qualities in any of the Kings of Israel or Judah.
Some Psalms explain an extraordinary accurate description of the actual sufferings of Jesus, under God' guidance and leading of the Holy Spirit. Holy Spirit took the Psalmist, took them through the pictures and words that they can hardly imagine or vision or think off.
The Royal Psalm 2
The Psalm was used to greet each succeeding Davidic king on his accession as king, but it's fulfillment came in David's greater Son (Luke.1:31-33) Jesus. Even the rejection of Jesus as their King over them (Luke.19:14) and the plan against Him (Psalm.2:3). The key verse is Psalm.2:12.
The Royal Psalm 72
More than any other in David's subsequent line Solomon would have been such one great king with such name and fame with all the blessings in the Psalm. But at the same time the Psalm runs beyond what and whom it was written about. May be this Psalm could have been written as a blessing upon Solomon, but the reality of this Psalm could only be fulfilled in Jesus the Messiah. The key verses of this Psalm are v5, 8, 11, 12,13 and 17.
The Royal Psalm 110
The mysterious name Melchizedek is the key of this Psalm. Abram after conquering the kings acknowledges Melchizedek as priest and presenting Him a tithe of the spoil. He is the priest and king of Jerusalem. If this is so, when David took Jerusalem he sat on Melchizedek's throne. As a succession of this throne and as a prophesied King Jesus is the High Priest (Hebrews.6:20, 7:28) and a Royal descendant of King David (Luke.1:32).
The other Psalms which depict Jesus are :
Psalm 22:1, Words on the Cross (Matthew 27:46). Verse 16, Piercing of Jesus (John 20:25). Verse 18, Dividing the clothes of Jesus (Mark 15:24).
Psalm 2:7, You (Jesus) are my Son (Acts 13:33).
Psalm 8:6, Dominion on everything (Hebrews 2:6-10).
Psalm 16:10, You won't leave me in Sheol (Acts 2:27, 13:35).
Psalm 22:8, Insulting Jesus on the Cross (Matthew 27:43).
Psalm 40:7-8, I am here to do thy will (Hebrews 10:7).
Psalm 41:9, My friend is against Me (John 13:18).
Psalm 45:6, Your divine throne endures forever (Hebrews 1:8).
Psalm 69:9, My love for Your House burns in me like fire (John 2:17).
Psalm 118:22, The stone which the builders rejected (Matthew 21:4).
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